Publications
| Authors | Fischer, D. ; Stieler, S. ; Küppers, S. |
|---|---|
| Title |
Process Control in Chemical Manufacturing
Handbook of Spectroscopy, Gauglitz, G. ; Moore, D.S., ed. |
| Date | 26.05.2014 |
| Number | 42971 |
| Abstract | Chemical manufacturing covers one of the widest fields of all types of production processes in today's world. Under the term chemical production the fields of classical chemical production of dyes, monomers, polymers, food additives, and fine chemicals for all kinds of high technology products such as, for example, liquid crystals for computer and TVscreens are understood.<br />In addition, chemical manufacturing is part of many production processes of consumer products such as washing powders, soaps, glues, crèmes, and so on, but also of a huge number of basic materials such as the raw oil processing that leads to basic products for consumers on the one hand (e.g., fuel) but also to industry preproducts like basic materials as many solvents or other important basic chemicals like starting materials for monomers and polymers. Other examples of basic chemical manufacturing processes include the process from fat to basic soaps or the paper and pulp industry.<br />Finally, processes such as iron and steel or aluminum production from ore are mainly chemical processes. Also, aluminum recycling, which is one of the large parts of aluminum manufacturing currently, is in part a chemical process. The use of the metals, for example, in galvanization baths, chromium, for example, is also in part a chemical manufacturing process.<br />A number of these processes are batch processes, such as iron or steel manufacturing, but a wide range of continuous or pseudocontinuous processes such as distillation, which might be implemented as batch or continuous processes, are also part of the chemical manufacturing world.<br />A wide range of analytical techniques, most of them spectroscopic, are used in this field. The techniques are used for the determination of concentrations as well as element and molecule concentrations. In this extremely large field, only a few typical examples can be chosen for demonstration of the processes and the specific applications of spectroscopic techniques in chemical manufacturing process control. Some of these techniques and applications have quite a long history in process control, such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF); others are quite young, such as tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) or laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). This part of the section will also take a closer look at the cost of implementations, cost of ownership, and the return of the investments.<br />Besides chemical process monitoring, safety and environmental monitoring are also typical fields for process monitoring using spectroscopic techniques. For instance, many of the typical gas sensors used in industry are based on nondispersive infrared sensors. In these cases, an optical filter is used to select the wavelength range for the detection of the required gas absorption.<br /><br />Handbook of Spectroscopy : Volume 3<br />ISBN 978-3527321506 |
| Publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| Wikidata | |
| Citation | Wiley-VCH 2., enlarg (2014) Chapter 37: 1343-1362 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527654703.ch37 |
| Tags | process control chemical reaction x-ray fluorescence x-ray diffraction polymerisation reaction tdlas |