Publications
| Authors | Brüning, K. ; Schneider, K. ; Heinrich, G. |
|---|---|
| Title |
In-situ structural characterization of rubber during deformation and fracture
Fracture Mechanics and Statistical Mechanics of Reinforced Elastomeric Blends, Grellmann, W; Heinrich, G; Kaliske, M; Klüppel, M; Schneider, K; Vilgis, T, ed. |
| Date | 08.07.2013 |
| Number | 38925 |
| Abstract | To obtain an in-depth understanding of the mechanical and fracture behaviors of elastomers, a thorough material characterization is inevitable to establish structure-property relationships. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction and scattering were used to characterize filled and unfilled natural rubber under deformation in situ, using tailor-made miniature tensile testing machines for quasistatic, dynamic cyclic and impact loads. The degree and kinetics of strain-induced crystallization, which accounts for the excellent mechanical and tear properties of natural rubber, were determined under various loading cases with unraveled resolution in time and space. Employing a strain-step method, a new model was established to describe the kinetics of strain-induced crystallization. On-line characterization during cyclic loading at 1 Hz gave insight into structural processes on fast time scales under realistic loading conditions, enabling a better understanding of static and dynamic crack growth. Information about filler orientation and cavitation was obtained by ultra small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS). A direct connection between the magnitude of uniaxial strain and the orientation of anisometric model filler particles was found and implemented into a model, enabling a quantitative analysis of the scattering patterns from first principles. The reversibility of filler orientation under fatigue loading was shown. Cavitational processes in filled rubbers are thought to be crucial for the dissipation of strain energy, but also are potential precursors of macroscopic cracks. Cavities significantly increase the scattering intensity due to the formation of new phase boundaries. Cavitation processes were identified in the bulk and in the vicinity of crack tips of stretched carbon black-filled rubbers by scanning USAXS, employing a three-phase model to quantify the extent of cavitation. These new insights into the structural changes in elastomers under strain open new possibilities for the development of physically sound constitutive mechanical models. <br /><br />Fracture Mechanics and Statistical Mechanics of Reinforced Elastomeric Blends<br />ISBN 978-3642-37909-3 |
| Publisher | Springer |
| Wikidata | |
| Citation | Springer 70 (2013) 43-80 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37910-9_2 |
| Tags |