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Authors
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Basu, D. ; Das, A. ; Stöckelhuber, K.W. ; Jehnichen, D. ; Formanek, P. ; Sarlin, E. ; Vuorinen, J. ; Heinrich, G.
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Title
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Evidence for an in situ developed polymer Phase in ionic elastomers
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Date
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22.05.2014
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Number
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42905
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Abstract
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The overall mechanical performance of ionic elastomers, such as carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR), is largely governed by ionic clusters formed during the cross-linking of the elastomers with zinc oxide. These ionic aggregates promote microphase separation and show additional high-temperature relaxation behavior in dynamic mechanical analysis. In this study, the nature of these ionic aggregates is explored for the first time. We find that some zinc-containing compounds, such as zincaluminum-layered double hydroxide and zinc chloride, do not exhibit any extra high-temperature dynamic mechanical relaxation processes, although ionic cross-linking reactions with XNBR occur with all of these zinc compounds. Detailed analysis by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that this high-temperature relaxation behavior does not originate from ionic cross-linking but is associated with the formation of an additional zinc-enriched polymer phase that arises due to reactions between carboxylic groups and zinc oxide. Infrared spectroscopic investigation indicates further that a tetrahedrally coordinated complex facilitates the formation of a zinccarboxylic polymeric network. Clear microphase separation of the ionic polymer in the elastomer could be directly visualized by transmission electron microscopy for the first time.
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Publisher
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Macromolecules
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Wikidata
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Citation
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Macromolecules 47 (2014) 3436-3450
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DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1021/ma500240v
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Tags
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carboxylated nitrile rubber sulfonated polystyrene ionomers butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber dynamic-mechanical properties zinc peroxide cross-linking viscoelastic behavior filler xnbr vulcanization
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