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Authors
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Euchler, E.; Schneider, K.; Sambale, A. K.; Schwartzkopf, M.; Wießner, S.
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Title
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Deformation-induced structure and temperature evolution of natural rubber vulcanizates characterized by advanced in situ experiments
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Date
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13.02.2024
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Number
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0
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Abstract
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Natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates show deformation-induced structure evolution, e.g., crystallization, explaining the outstanding mechanical performance compared to other elastomers. In this study, combined in situ experiments were realized by synchronizing wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and infrared (IR) thermography on uniaxially deformed NR vulcanizates reinforced with different carbon black content. Thus, new experimental results were generated that characterize the structural evolution under deformation by a crystallization index and temperature change as a function of mechanical stress and stretch. Owing to the coupled methods, the following findings can be summarized: (i) deformation-induced crystallization is primarily controlled by the mechanical stress; (ii) at cyclic loading, hysteresis occurs and crystallites melt within a narrow stress range; (iii) IR thermography allows to follow crystallization as a function of deformation; (iv) the onset of crystallization causes a rapid increase in temperature, however, only a slight increase in stress; (v) deformation-induced crystallization shows a saturation plateau, which hardly changes with ongoing deformation; (vi) surface temperatures show a certain fluctuation that may indicate a non-uniform crystallite distribution.
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Publisher
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Springer
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Wikidata
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Citation
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in: Advances in Understanding Thermal Effects in Rubber: Experiments, Modelling, and Practical Relevance / G. Heinrich, R. Kipscholl, J.-B. Le Cam, R. Stoček (Eds.). Cham : Springer, 2024. 193-215 (Advances in Polymer Science; 294); ISBN 978-3-031-71055-1
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DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1007/12_2024_168
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Tags
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Book Chapters
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