Authors
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Komber, H. ; Senkovsky, V. ; Tkachov, R. ; Kiriy, A. ; Huck, W. T. S. ; Sommer, M.
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Title
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Ring walking versus trapping of nickel(0) during kumada catalyst transfer polycondensation using externally initiated electron-accepting thiophene-benzothiadiazole-thiophene precursors
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Date
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23.11.2011
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Number
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29882
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Abstract
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Interactions of Ni(0) and thiophene–benzothiadiazole–thiophene (TBT) units during the Kumada catalyst transfer polycondensation (KCTP) of 2-chloromagnesio-5-bromo-3-hexylthiophene (1) are investigated. Monofunctional TBT initiator precursors are used for the external initiation of KCTP, and the mechanism of initiator activation and polymerization is elucidated using NMR and MALDI-ToF MS. We find that the activation of the TBT-bromide initiator precursor using nickel–diethylbipyridine (NiEt2bipy) occurs via a two-step pathway, in which NiEt2bipy coordinates to benzothiadiazole (B) first, followed by the elimination of butane and oxidative addition of liberated Ni(0)bipy into the terminal TBT–Br bond. It is shown that the B unit traps Ni(0) during the KCTP of 1, which results in significant termination, as derived from the degree of bromine-terminated chains. The ability of B units to trap Ni(0) is further illustrated by using a symmetric bifunctional Br-TBT-Br initiator precursor for the KCTP of 1, during which Ni(0) is not able to “ring walk” over the B unit to initiate polymerization at the other end of the chain. These results are important for the design of well-defined and electronically end-functionalized conjugated polymers, but also for understanding termination mechanisms in KCTP in general.
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Publisher
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Macromolecules
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Wikidata
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Q84762520
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Citation
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Macromolecules 44 (2011) 9164-9172
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DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1021/MA2018827
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Tags
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kumada tbt opening metathesis polymerization chain-growth polymerization field-effect transistors molecular-weight conjugated polymers facile synthesis regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) coupling reactions block-copolymers device physics
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