This topic concerns multifunctional polymer modifiers and coupling agents with a high reactivity and selectivity to amino-, carboxy-, and hydroxy groups. This includes coupling agents with 2-oxazoline-, 2-oxazinone-, and caprolactamate groups which can be used in compatibilization of polymer blends, synthesis of segmented block copolymers, functionalization of polymers (side and terminal groups), and covalent bonding of polymer on surfaces. Typical examples are summarized in the following:
1. Bifunctional coupling agents with groups of different reactivity
Coupling agent 1 reacts selectively with carboxy- and amino groups.
In a stepwise conversion, coupling agent 2 reacts selectively with hydroxy- and amino groups
2. Bi- und trifunctional coupling agents and modifiers with unsaturated groups
Coupling agent 3 reacts selectively with carboxy and amino groups and allows subsequent modification by hydrosilylation of the allyl ether group.
Coumpound 4 reacts at higher temperature with carboxy groups whereas the allyl ether groups remains at disposal for later cross-linking reactions.
Compound 5 is used as monomer in the metallocen catalyzed polyolefin synthesis
3. Reactive pyrrole derivatives
Compounds 6 and 7 are used for the synthesis of functionalized polypyrrol.
4. Modifier with triealkoxysilane groups
The oxazinone group of compound 8 reacts at higher temperatures with amino groups whereas the silane groups remains on disposal for later cross-linking reactions.
The oxazoline group of compound 9 reacts at higher temperatures with carboxylic groups whereas the silane groups remains on disposal for later cross-linking reactions.
5. Reactive chromophores
Compound 10 is a reactive fluorescence marker for the covalent bonding to polymers with amino and hydroxy groups.
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